Objective Exploring the clinical characteristics and risk factors of malignancies complicated with venous thromboembolism(VTE). Methods 177 patients with malignancies complicated with VTE(experimental group), and 100 patients with malignancies of non-VTE(control group)were collected from First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2013 to September 2016. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of the data were retrospectively analyzed. Result VTE was observed during the first three months after the malignancy diagnosis, and the most common malignancy was lung cancer. The most common location of deep venous thrombosis(DVT)was the left lower limb. Compared with control group, experimental group showed higher rates in malignancies with aged, concurrent disease, increased white blood cell count, lower hemoglobin, increased prothrombin time, increased activated partial thromboplastin time, increased plasma fibrinogen, and increased D-Dimer(P<0.05). Additionally, compared with control group, experimental group suggested that the incidence of diabetes, coronary heart disease, infection, long-term bed, history of VTE, oncothlipsis, hemostatic treatment, chemotherapy, biotherapy, central venous catheter, hormonotherapy, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and blood transfusion were higher(P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that coronary heart disease, central venous catheter and hormonotherapy were independent risk factors of malignancies complicated with VTE(P<0.05)while the infection was independent risk factor of malignancies complicated with both VTE and pulmonary embolism(P<0.05). Conclusion The malignancies with coronary heart disease, central venous catheter, infection, hormonotherapy were at risk of VTE while the malignancies with infection were at risk of pulmonary embolism.