ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring system for nephrolithiasis in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of clinical data of 87 patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing PCNL from March 2013 to 2014 in our Department.The general conditions, preoperative information, stone characteristics, operation approaches and perioperative variables were collected.The correlation of nephrolithometry scores based on S.T.O.N.E. scoring system with stonefree status and postoperative complications were analyzed.ResultsIn those patients with stonefree, the S.T.O.N.E. score and bodymass index was significantly lower than that in those patients with residual stones (P＜0.05).There was significant difference between the patients with stonefree and thel group with residual stones.The S.T.O.N.E. score, stone size, tract length, obstruction and number of calices containing stones showed significant correlationship with the postoperative stonefree status (P＜0.05).But, it did not correlate with the stone essence (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring system can predict postoperative stonefree status of PCNL.