ObjectiveTo investigate common causes, diagnosis, treatments and prevention of neonatal fracture.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to investigate the fracture in newborn.Information analyzed included maternal record, delivery, neonatal records.Chi-Square test was used to analyze the statistical significance in different fracture sites which were caused by different reasons, by different delivery methods and in different birth weights.ResultsAmong a total of 193 newborns with birth traumatic fracture, 165 cases had natural delivery, 9 cases had forceps delivery, 5 cases had breech delivery, 2 cases had vacuum extraction delivery, 12 cases had cesarean delivery; of all with birth tramatic fracture, 14 cases were below 2.5 kg, 150 cases were between 2.5 and 4.0 kg, 29 cases were above 4 kg.Among the 4 cases that were not with birth traumatic fracture, 3 cases had metabolic bone diseases, 1 cases had osteogenesis imperfecta.The primary sites were clavicle(178), skull(10), and thighbone(5).There was a significant correlation between fracture reasons and fracture sites (χ2=57.87， P<0.001), delivery methods and birth traumatic fracture sites（χ2=75.02，P<0.001), birth weight and birth traumatic fracture sites（χ2=36.48，P＜0.001).Of 3 metabolic bone disease (MBD) infants, the gestational age was less than 31 weeks, 2 of whom weighted less than 1 000 g and 1 less than 1 500 g.Age of fracture more than 35 d, parenteral nutrition time was 33 days or more.Two needed to be supportedwith ventilator, 2 had blood calcium reduction, 3 had blood phosphorus reduction, and 1 had alkaline phosphatase elevation.ConclusionsThe primary newborn fracture type was birth traumatic fracture, and its sites were related with delivery methods, newborn weight.MBD was the main reason that causes non birth-traumatic fracture, and was associated with mineral reservation, inadequate intake or metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D.Improvements in the skills of midwifery and the balanced nutrition of premature infants can limit the rate of neonatal fractures.