Objective To analyze and compare Class Ⅱ dental arch and basal bone characteristics of patients with Class Ⅲ through digital dental model, and to provide the basis for the design of clinical treatment plan. Methods There were 30 patients with Class Ⅱ and 30 patients with Class Ⅲ who were collected. The gypsum model was scanned by digital scanning to generate a digital model. The digital model was measured using 3D measurement software. The measurement results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Result There were statistically significant differences in the Class Ⅱ malocclusion dental position measurement data(P<0.05)There were no significant differences in the width of the dental arch and the basal bone in the maxillary second premolar area of the Class Ⅲ malocclusion(P>0.05), the width of the dental arch was(52.94±1.85)mm and the width of the basal bone arch was(52.31±3.03)mm, comparison of other dental measurement data were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the width of dental arch between Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ malocclusion(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the maxillary molar area, the second molar area, and the mandibular second premolar area in the width of the base bone arch between the Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ malocclusion; the data of other dental measurements were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The width of the Class Ⅱ maxillary canine is larger than that of the Class Ⅲ patients, and the width of the other parts is smaller than that of the Class Ⅲ patients. The width of the maxillary basal arch of the Class Ⅱ malocclusion is greater than that of the Class Ⅲ patients, while the mandibular basal arch width is smaller than Class Ⅲ patients.