Objective To explore the effect of arthroscopy in the treatment of meniscus injury, and to analyze the pain after operation by single factor and multi-factor analysis. Method The clinical data of 80 patients with knee meniscus injury admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated by arthroscopy. The therapeutic effect of the patients was observed. In addition, the patients were followed up for 6 months. The risk factors of postoperative pain were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Result After arthroscopic treatment, the results showed that 73 of the 80 patients were excellent after treatment, the excellent and good rate was 91.25%. Among them, 47 patients were treated with meniscus plasty, accounting for 91.49%. 33 patients were treated with meniscus repair and suture, accounting for 90.91%. There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate between the two methods(P>0.05). IKDC and Lysholm scores of knee joint function in patients with different injury types were higher than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age > 55 years old, joint cartilage injury, the time of beginning weight-bearing after operation < 7 days, and no cold compress after operation were independent risk factors for pain after meniscus injury of knee joint. Conclusion For meniscus injury of knee, arthroscopic treatment can achieve good results. In order to prevent the occurrence of pain after operation, relevant medical staff can intervene scientifically according to the risk factors such as age, cartilage injury and cold compress, so as to reduce pain and improve patient’s comfort, promote patient’s rehabilitation and improve patient’s prognosis.