Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of Rehabilitation and Strengthening Lung Eight-stages Exercises on physical and psychological health in patients with mild novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods In this randomized controlled study, we included a total of 80 patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19 in Yichang Third People's Hospital, Hubei Province, from February 20, 2020 to March 20, 2020. All patients were randomly divided into intervention group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases). The patients in the control group were given routine care while patients in the intervention group received Rehabilitation and Strengthening Lung Eight-stages Exercises except routine care. The effects of Rehabilitation and Strengthening Lung Eight-stages Exercises on physical and psychological health in patients with mild COVID-19 was accessed using questionnaire investigation before intervention, two weeks and four weeks after intervention. Results Compared with those in the negative control group, mental anxiety (P<0.001) and physical anxiety (P=0.014) were significantly improved, and physical fatigue (P=0.032) and mental fatigue (P=0.027) and dyspnea (P<0.001) were significantly relieved, and physical function (P <0.001), physical role(P<0.001), emotional role (P=0.001), mental health (P<0.001), social function (P <0.001), vitality (P<0.001) and general health (P<0.001) were significantly promoted, and physical pain (P=0.001) was significantly reduced, in patients in the intervention group. In addition, Rehabilitation and Strengthening Lung Eight-stages Exercises could significantly improve sleep quality (P<0.001), shorten sleep time (P<0.001), increase sleep time (P=0.002), improve sleep efficiency (P=0.001), and reduce somnipathy (P=0.001), reduce the use of hypnotic drugs (P=0.007). Conclusions As a non-invasive rehabilitation method, Rehabilitation and Strengthening Lung Eight-stages Exercises could improve physical and psychological health, and therefore could be popularized and used in patients with mild COVID-19.